Is there a way to catalog photographs other than under "Figure"?

Could you provide more information: What style are you using?  Does the catalog have to conform to a particular style because of research or publication requirements or is it just for personal use? 

What you could do is create your own reference template (or modify a pre-existing one).  For example, EndNote includes 3 “Unused” reference templates so you could take one, rename it “Photographs” and modify the template’s fields to suit your own data capture needs (e.g., photographer’s name, date, etc.).