<1> Accession Number 01157039 Subfile TRB-TRIS Title Biofuels as an Alternative Energy Source for Aviation-A Survey. AU McDowellBomani B M; Bulzan D L; Centeno Gomez D I; Hendricks R C Corporate Author NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA Source 2009. 23p Publication Availability National Technical Information Service (N201000028) Language of Document English URL http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2009/TM-2009-215587.pdf Abstract The use of biofuels has been gaining in popularity over the past few years because of their ability to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. As a renewable energy source, biofuels can be a viable option for sustaining long-term energy needs if they are managed efficiently. We investigate past, present, and possible future biofuel alternatives currently being researched and applied around the world. More specifically, we investigate the use of ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel (palm oil, algae, and halophytes), and synthetic fuel blends that can potentially be used as fuels for aviation and nonaerospace applications. We also investigate the processing of biomass via gasification, hydrolysis, and anaerobic digestion as a way to extract fuel oil from alternative biofuels source Descriptors Alternate fuels, Biomass fuels, Civil aviation, Fossil fuels, Surveys, Synthetic fuels Subject Classification Aviation; Energy; Environment (I15) Report Numbers NASA-TM-2009-215587, E-16828 Contract/Grant Numbers WBS 561581.02.08.03.16.02 Publication Year 2009 Entry Date 201005 Update Code 201004 Link to the Ovid Full Text or citation http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=tspt&AN=01157039 <2> Accession Number 01152472 Subfile TRB-TRIS Title Results of Comprehensive Study of Fuel Use and Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment. AU Frey H. Christopher; Rasdorf William J; Lewis Phil Corporate Author Transportation Research Board, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20001, USA Source Conference Title: 89th Annual Meeting. Location: Washington.Sponsored by: Transportation Research Board.Held: 20100110-20100114. 2010. Publication Availability Transportation Research Board Business Office Language of Document English URL http://pubsindex.trb.org/orderform.html Abstract There is limited field data that can be used for fuel use and emissions analyses of nonroad diesel construction equipment. This paper summarizes the results of field research that used a portable emission monitoring system (PEMS) to collect fuel use and emissions data from eight backhoes, six bulldozers, three excavators, four generators, six motor graders, three off-road trucks, one skid-steer loader, three track loaders, and five wheel loaders while they performed various duty cycles. These tests produced approximately 119 hours of field data for petroleum diesel and approximately 48 hours for B20 biodiesel. Engine attribute data including horsepower, displacement, model year, engine tier, and engine load were measured to determine their influence on fuel use rates and emission rates of NOx, HC, CO, CO2, and opacity. Mass per time fuel use rates were developed for each item of equipment as well as mass per time and mass per fuel used emission rates for each pollutant. For petroleum diesel, fuel use and emission rates of each pollutant were found to increase with engine displacement, horsepower, and load, and to decrease with model year and engine tier. The results were qualitatively similar for B20. Fuel-based emission rates were found to have less variability and less sensitivity to engine size and load than time-based emission rates. Hence, where possible, development of emission inventories based on fuel consumed, rather than time of activity, is preferred. Descriptors Air quality management, Biodiesel fuels, Construction and maintenance equipment, Diesel engine exhaust gases, Environment, Field tests, Pollutants, Portable equipment, Types of equipment, Vehicles and equipment Subject Classification Construction; Environment; Vehicles and Equipment; Environment (I15) Report Numbers 10-2763 Publication Year 2010 Entry Date 201003 Update Code 201004 Link to the Ovid Full Text or citation http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=tspt&AN=01152472 <3> Accession Number 01154954 Subfile TRB-TRIS Title Development of an Improved Agricultural-Based Deicing Product. AU Taylor Peter C; Verkade John; Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan; Wadhwa Kuldeep; Kim Sunghwan Corporate Author Iowa State University, Ames, Institute for Transportation, Ames, IA, 50010-8664, USA, Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa Highway Research Board, 800 Lincoln Way, Ames, IA, 50010, USA Source 2010/1. 108p (3 Apps.) Language of Document English URL http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/Ag_Deicer_report.pdf Abstract Snow and ice removal on public streets is a critical part of the work of departments of transportation in northern U.S. states, including Iowa. Iowa is also a state rich in agricultural resources, some of which undergo industrial processes that generate a number of by-products, e.g., in converting corn to ethanol or soy to biodiesel. It would be desirable to find those that, with a minimum of additional processing, can be used as a deicing compound, either alone or in combination with products currently in use. The focus of this work is therefore to investigate by-products from agricultural processes that may be suitable for use as deicing applications. This topic has been investigated in the past by others, with many patented products described in the literature. An initial screening was carried out to assess the potential acceptability of selected commercial products, as well as a glycerol developed for this project. Based on the variety of parameters tested, the product combination that shows the greatest promise for future application consists of 80% glycerol with 20% NaCl. Descriptors Agricultural wastes, Deicing chemicals, Glycerol, Iowa, Snow and ice control, Sodium chloride Subject Classification Maintenance and Preservation; Materials; Miscellaneous Materials (I35); Winter Maintenance (I62) Report Numbers IHRB Project TR-581, InTrans Report 09-310 Publication Year 2010 Entry Date 201004 Update Code 201004 Link to the Ovid Full Text or citation http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=tspt&AN=01154954